上篇SAT語法的文章之中,我們已經(jīng)了解到了SAT語法考察的目的和本質(zhì)。這篇文章主要聊一聊SAT語法中比較莫名其妙或者說中國同學(xué)很容易出錯(cuò)的語言點(diǎn)。掌握好這些,正是SAT高分關(guān)鍵所在。下面,我們就來看看,SAT語法中的一部分‘不靠譜’的考點(diǎn)。詳細(xì)資訊歡迎來電! 海曙中心咨詢電話:0574-87076033 江東中心咨詢電話:0574-87736833
上篇SAT語法的文章之中,我們已經(jīng)了解到了SAT語法考察的目的和本質(zhì)。這篇文章主要聊一聊SAT語法中比較莫名其妙或者說中國同學(xué)很容易出錯(cuò)的語言點(diǎn)。掌握好這些,正是SAT高分關(guān)鍵所在。下面,我們就來看看,SAT語法中的一部分“不靠譜”的考點(diǎn)。
1.懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤
After reading the book, _____________.
(A) I fed the dog (B) the dog was fed by me
(C) feeding the dog was his task (D) the dog was hungry
看到這個(gè)標(biāo)題和例題,好多同學(xué)暈了。因?yàn)閺恼Z法語義上講,幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)仿佛都講得通,于是不知道該如何下手了。其實(shí)這個(gè)考點(diǎn)是屬于SAT語法獨(dú)特考察之一,具體如下。
考點(diǎn)定義:現(xiàn)在分詞(V-ing)、過去分詞(V-ed)、不定式(to do)、形容詞在句子中作前置狀語時(shí),其邏輯主語(即該動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者)從文法的要求來看,必須是句子的主語。否則成為懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤。
分析例題,可見前置狀語After reading the book邏輯主語應(yīng)該是人,選項(xiàng)中以人作主語的只有A,故A正確。
真題回顧:
Dressed in a crisp, clean uniform, it reflected the efficient manner of the tour guide as she distributed maps for a walking tour of central Canberra.
A. Dressed in a crisp, clean uniform, it reflected the efficient manner of the tour guide
B. Dressed in a crisp, clean uniform, the efficient manner of the tour guide was reflected
C. Dressed in a crisp, clean uniform that reflected the efficient manner of the tour guide
D. The crisp, clean uniform of the tour guide reflected her efficient manner
E. The crisp, clean uniform of the tour guide, a reflection of her efficient manner
分析:前置狀語Dressed in a crisp, clean uniform邏輯主語是人,而AB項(xiàng)句子主干的主語都不是人,排除AB。CE中句子殘缺,無謂語。D正確。
2.Run-on錯(cuò)誤
這個(gè)概念又夠陌生的,先來體驗(yàn)個(gè)例子。
簡(jiǎn)單版:I love English, Mary loves French.
復(fù)雜版:Many players became truculent in the playing field, although calm in their daily life, they do the contrary when in a match.
分析兩例子,可見都是兩個(gè)句子獨(dú)立存在(即兩套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)),卻只有一個(gè)逗號(hào)做連接。
考點(diǎn)定義:兩個(gè)句子獨(dú)立存在(即兩套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)),卻只有一個(gè)逗號(hào)做連接,稱為run-on。
修改方式:
A. 逗號(hào)改分號(hào)
B. 逗號(hào)改冒號(hào)(解釋關(guān)系)
He has a very special gift, he can eat and sing at the same time.
He has a very special gift: he can eat and sing at the same time.
C. 加上連接詞(注意:: therefore, consequently, however, nonetheless. nevertheless這些不是連詞)
D. 消滅一個(gè)句子,把它變成狀語/定語或者從句。
There are a lot of algae in the sea, the fish reproduce very quickly.
Where there are a lot of algae in the sea, the fish reproduce very quickly.
3.就前原則
(1)Extending along several city blocks (2)are a row of ginkgo trees, (3)their leaves (4)turning a brilliant yellow now that summer is over. (5)No error
分析:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),可見本句是倒裝句,主語應(yīng)該是a row of ginkgo trees ,但是按照國內(nèi)一些英語老師的講解和漢語的翻譯‘一排銀杏樹’,應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)概念,所以原句看似沒錯(cuò)。問題是,根據(jù)正統(tǒng)學(xué)術(shù)英文習(xí)慣,n1. of n2. 的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)該按照n1為準(zhǔn)(即就前原則),所以a row of ginkgo trees 是單數(shù),(2)錯(cuò)誤,要改為is。
考點(diǎn)定義: 名詞A+介詞+名詞B做主語,單復(fù)數(shù)的判斷應(yīng)該以介詞前的名詞為準(zhǔn),即‘就前原則’。
4.代詞指代本質(zhì)
請(qǐng)看例句
You should get up early, which is good for your health.
這個(gè)句子,在國內(nèi)的語法中簡(jiǎn)直是超級(jí)正確的—非限制性定語從句中,which指代前面整個(gè)句子。但是這個(gè)原則在SAT語法中是不對(duì)的。
考點(diǎn)定義:SAT語法中,代詞只能指代名詞,因?yàn)榇~pro-noun的詞根語義就是‘前面有個(gè)名詞’。
真題回顧:
When the Berlin Wall, long a symbol of the Cold War, began to be torn down in 1989, five million people went to Berlin to celebrate that.
(A) to celebrate that
(B) for its celebration
(C) to celebrate
(D) in celebration of that
(E) in celebrating
分析:根據(jù)語義,劃線部分的that應(yīng)該指的是前面的句子the Berlin Wall, long a symbol of the Cold War, began to be torn down in 1989,按照代詞指代本質(zhì)—只能指名詞原則,ABD錯(cuò)誤。表示目的不能用in celebrating,要用to celebrate,選C。
5.簡(jiǎn)潔性原則
Pierre observed the diners and motels of mid-America, and these are sights that are depicted in his trendy paintings.
A. these are sights that are depicted
B. the depiction of these sights is
C. these sights having been depicted
D. his depiction of these sights
E. depicted these sights
考點(diǎn)定義:同樣的概念,在不改變?cè)⒁獾那疤嵯,表達(dá)方式越簡(jiǎn)潔越好(字?jǐn)?shù)從簡(jiǎn)),稱為簡(jiǎn)潔性原則。這是個(gè)很靈活的原則,不像語法錯(cuò)誤那么死板明顯,故需要大家多去做真題,多去讀改正的選項(xiàng),培養(yǎng)語感。據(jù)此,以上例題E正確。
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