雅思大作文主體段的6種擴(kuò)展方法

2020-05-21 來(lái)源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 作者：閱讀量：人喜歡手機(jī)閱讀

導(dǎo)讀

作為雅思作文的最核心的內(nèi)容，主體段的完整質(zhì)量在很大程度上決定了考生最后的成績(jī)，因此完成結(jié)構(gòu)合理，用詞準(zhǔn)確的主體段就成為高分作文的關(guān)鍵。很多同學(xué)在糾結(jié)于如何寫(xiě)出豐富飽滿(mǎn)的主體段，本文特展示6種雅思作文主體段的展開(kāi)方式。

1.舉例論證

觀點(diǎn) 1：亞洲國(guó)家正以驚人的速度變得西方化.以中國(guó)為例,當(dāng)青少年去看電影的時(shí)候,他們一般都選擇好萊塢大片而不選擇國(guó)產(chǎn)電影.

范文 1：The Asian countries are getting westernized at a staggering rate. Take China for example, when youngsters go to the movies, it is common for them to choose Hollywood blockbusters over domestic films.

觀點(diǎn) 2：談大學(xué)教育的兩大功能：就業(yè)與求知。

范文 2：To begin with, it is really helpful for university students to be taught some job-related skills that have already become a major focus of higher education. A typical example can be found inthe effort to develop their interpersonal skills now required by a growing number of companies as one of the most essential qualities of any job candidate.

句型：An interesting / striking / typical example of„ is provided by the story of sb. who…

觀點(diǎn) 3：動(dòng)物是人類(lèi)的朋友.例如，海豚經(jīng)常從沉船里營(yíng)救船員。

范文 3：Animals are human’s companions. To illustrate, dolphins often rescue sailors from sinking ships.

觀點(diǎn) 4：大量證據(jù)表明，破裂家庭的子女出現(xiàn)情感、行為障礙或觸犯法律的可能性是完整家庭子女的 2～3 倍。

范文 4：A large body of evidence proves that children from broken families are two or three times as likely as those in intact families to have emotional or behavioral problems or get into trouble with the law.

觀點(diǎn) 5：個(gè)人教育與社會(huì)發(fā)展之間的關(guān)系(特別是...)

范文 5：Decent education for every individual contributes significantly to the overall well-being of society, especially /particularly when their personal achievements amount to a driving force of social progress.

觀點(diǎn) 6：學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)壓力(特別強(qiáng)調(diào)...)

范文 6：It is not uncommon that school teachers nowadays tend to exert undue academic pressure on young students, with particular emphasis on consistently good performance in all sorts of tests and examinations.

觀點(diǎn) 7：這點(diǎn)可以通過(guò)...來(lái)說(shuō)明

范文 7：It is evident from the information supplied that male are far more likely to commit crimes.This point can be illustrated/emphasized by the fact that male offenders accounted for 96% of prison inmates.

2.引用論證

思路：引用“科學(xué)證據(jù)、研究成果、學(xué)術(shù)刊物、統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)”。

觀點(diǎn)：員工和雇主能否都獲益于“在家上班” 。

范文：There is some incontrovertible to suggest that both employees and employers can benefit a lot from the growing trend of telecommuting. According to a recent article published in the world-famous Nature Journal, while the average telecommuter can save a considerable portion of their travel expenses, it is estimated that their companies can cut operational costs by almost one third if 25% of the staff are allowed to work at home.

句型：

1.According to a recent article published in the world-famous Time Magazine, …

2.According to a recent survey conducted by a group of... 3.American researchers of the University of Chicago, …

3.遞進(jìn)論證

模板：To begin with → In the second place → Lastly

觀點(diǎn)1：科學(xué)研究應(yīng)由政府還是私人機(jī)構(gòu)開(kāi)展

范文1： There are many reasons for entrusting scientific research to the governments rather than private companies.

[支持 1] To begin with, many large-scale and long-term research projects require substantial funding that only national governments can afford.

[支持 2] In the second place, first-rate scientists who enjoy international reputation are largely concentrated in government-sponsored research institutions.

[支持 3] Lastly, since most private companies are profit-orientated, the findings and conclusions from their research are more likely to be skewed or biased and even represent the interests of a small group.

分析：

支持 1：大型、長(zhǎng)期的研究項(xiàng)目需要大量的資金，通常只有政府有這樣的財(cái)力;

支持 2：一流科學(xué)家大量集中在由政府資助的研究機(jī)構(gòu)中;

支持 3：私人機(jī)構(gòu)大都以利益為導(dǎo)向，故而得出的結(jié)果可能是歪曲或帶有偏見(jiàn)的，甚至代表某些小團(tuán)體的利益。

注意：不要用 Last but not least，否則引起考官反感，直接用 Lastly 即可!

句型：(適用說(shuō)明缺點(diǎn))

1.One major problems/advantage/measure of

2. Another big risk/benefit/sound approach is that...

觀點(diǎn) 2：由廣泛使用手機(jī)所帶來(lái)的社會(huì)、健康和技術(shù)問(wèn)題

范文 2：It has become increasingly apparent that the widespread use of cell phones gives rise to a number of problems in modern society.

[支持 1] One major problems of using mobile devices too regularly is that they are posing a potential threat to human health in form of the microwave radiation emitted.

[支持 2] Another big risk is that cell phone technology is often manipulated and even abused to extract and sell users’ personal information to those unscrupulous marketing companies.

[支持 3] Furthermore, there is a third undesirable development: Since cell phones can provide criminals with increased mobility and accessibility to critical data, the number of unsolved crimesis steadily on the rise...

剖析：

支持 1：健康層面 - 微波輻射對(duì)健康構(gòu)成潛在的危害

支持 2：技術(shù)方面 - 技術(shù)濫用，個(gè)人信息被作為商品賣(mài)

支持 3：社會(huì)層面 – 給犯罪分子作案增加了便利，導(dǎo)致懸案增加

釋義：

pose a potential treat(risks) to 構(gòu)成潛在的危害(威脅)

unscrupulous 肆無(wú)忌憚的

undesirable 不受歡迎的，可能招致麻煩的

unsolved crimes 懸案

4.對(duì)比論證

思路：正面思維枯竭時(shí)，可以換位思考(“逆向思維”)，通過(guò) A 烘托出 B 的優(yōu)/缺點(diǎn)

題目：探討老師應(yīng)該教會(huì)學(xué)生辯明是非還是只負(fù)責(zé)課程教授而不管其他方面？

提綱：

正向論述 1 道德品質(zhì)的教育比知識(shí)更重要(遞進(jìn)法)

正向論述 2 良好的行為可以促進(jìn)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)步(遞進(jìn)法)

正向論述 3 最新的研究證據(jù)表明：優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生往往兩面俱佳(引用法)

反向論述 1 放棄道德行為的教育會(huì)產(chǎn)生許多問(wèn)題(對(duì)比法)

范例：Teaching students how to distinguish right from wrong is matter of utmost importance in education, especially during their formative years.

【支持 1】To begin with, such moral education is often regarded by most teachers as much more important than teaching them academic knowledge.

【支持 2】In addition, being fully aware of the difference between right and wrong effectively improves their own behavior, which can in turn facilitate their learning process.

【支持 3】According to a recent study conducted by a team of Canadian researchers of University of Toronto, many top students in high school not only perform well academically, but they also generally show decent behavior in a consistent way.

【支持 4】In sharp contrast, not providing young students with a proper moral education is a sure recipe for disaster because a number of serious problems may result from this failure.

釋義：

facilitate their learning process 促進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)

a sure recipe for disaster 災(zāi)難性的后果

5.因果論證

思路：分為兩類(lèi) ①講事物原因 ②事情結(jié)果

模板 1：Be 動(dòng)詞 + 過(guò)去分詞 + 介詞

1. be (directly) linked to ….

2. be (strongly) related to …

3. be (unquestionably) tied to…

4. be (closely) connected with …

5. be (largely) associated with …

模板 2：

since

due to

owing to

hence

thus

therefore

as a consequence/result/consequently

thereby:以此達(dá)到...目的(不能用在句首,而且后面是加動(dòng)名詞)

題目 1：生態(tài)問(wèn)題正在被惡化,因此,我們必須采取措施解決環(huán)境問(wèn)題.

范文 1：The ecological problems are being aggravated; therefore, it is imperative that we take measures to combat the pollution of the environment.

題目 2：政府應(yīng)該提高公眾的環(huán)保意識(shí),以此來(lái)促進(jìn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展并且創(chuàng)造一個(gè)更適合人類(lèi)生存的環(huán)境.

范文 2：The government should raise the public awareness of environmental preservation, therebypromoting sustainable development and creating a more livable environment.

模板 3：

lead to... (從句)

give rise to... (從句)

contribute to... (從句)

result in ... (從句)

題目 3：Many people use distance-learning programs (study material post, TV, Internet, etc) to study at home, but some think that it cannot bring as benefits as attending college or university. To what extent to you agree or disagree with this opinion?

解析：

主體段 1：提出反對(duì)理由寫(xiě) distance learning 的好處

主體段 2：提出支持理由寫(xiě) distance learning 的壞處之一

主體段 3：提出支持理由寫(xiě) distance learning 的壞處之二

范文 3：

【主旨句】Despite the convenience and relatively low cost of distance learning, it would be wise for us to consider it downside.

【支持 1】One of the biggest problems is that it cannot create an environment that is conducive to the students’ learning process, especially the much-needed interaction with their professors and classmates.

【支持 2】This may result in a terrible sense of disconnection and even social isolation among the learners.

【支持 3】In comparison, attending college or university is a more pleasant and exciting experience for young students as they can combine academic learning with a wide variety of social and extracurricular activities.

剖析：

【主旨句】以 despite 為引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句開(kāi)始，先承認(rèn)distance learning的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，再轉(zhuǎn)折提出其downside，可視為“轉(zhuǎn)折法。

【支持 1】為“遞進(jìn)法”;

【支持 2】為“指代法”+“因果法”;

【支持 3】采用了“對(duì)比法”。

6.指代法

思路：用詞出現(xiàn) this, that, these, those, it, they, such 等代詞，與其他方法配合應(yīng)用。

模板 1：This is clearly shown in the following example: ...(從句) + 舉例法

題目 1：談新聞報(bào)紙對(duì)人們思想的巨大影響→適用于傳媒/網(wǎng)絡(luò)類(lèi)話(huà)題

范文 1：When it comes to how public opinion is formed, newspapers are unquestionably one of the strongest powers. This is clearly shown in the following example: many high school students in America who take the SAT are in the habit of citing articles from a wide variety of influential newspapers in their writing.

模板 2：This has already been proved by the case of ... +舉例法

題目 2：談越來(lái)越多年輕人失業(yè)的社會(huì)問(wèn)題

范文 2：There is no denying that chronic youth joblessness is a contributing factor of social instability. This has already been proved by the case of increased criminal activities among unemployed or underemployed urban youngsters, many of whom even regard these wrongdoings as a way to make a living.