雅思閱讀之平行結(jié)構(gòu)

  平行結(jié)構(gòu)在雅思閱讀中的運用非常廣泛，掌握好平行結(jié)構(gòu)的用法，一方面可以幫助我們快速理解文章中句子的意思，另一方面可以提高我們做題的速度和準確率，所以我們今天就來探討下關(guān)于平行結(jié)構(gòu)在雅思閱讀中的用法。

首先，我們要先了解平行結(jié)構(gòu)的定義：平行結(jié)構(gòu)是指由兩個或兩個以上意義相關(guān)、句法功能相同，由平行連詞連接起來的結(jié)構(gòu)，強調(diào)對稱性。

在雅思閱讀中常見的平行連詞有and, as well as, both A and B, between A and B, not only A, but also B , or, either A or B, neither A nor B, not A but B, rather than, instead of等。平行結(jié)構(gòu)一般來說可以分為三種形式：單詞與單詞平行，短語與短語平行，句子與句子平行；平行結(jié)構(gòu)的特點是前后平行的部分詞性一致，形式一致，例句如下：

1. 詞與詞平行：

• Her expression reflected both anger and relief.

• The park was neither accessible nor affordable.

• We collected both second- and third-grade books.

2. 短語與短語平行：

• The cleaner cleaned the basement and washed the windows. （動賓短語平行）

• We would like not only to hear your side of the story but also to provide a response. （不定式短語平行）

• It was important to leave the money in the drawer rather than on the table.（介詞短語平行）

3. 句子與句子平行：

• They contended that the committee was biased and that it should be disbanded.

平行結(jié)構(gòu)幫助我們快速理解雅思長難句：

1. Massive floods, long droughts, hurricanes and severe monsoons take their toll each year, destroying millions of tons of valuable crops.

4個平行結(jié)構(gòu)部分組成的主語，并不需要知道每個詞的含義，基本能看懂整個句子的意思：這四種災難（大規(guī)模的洪水、長期的干旱、颶風和嚴重的季風）每年都會造成損失，摧毀數(shù)百萬噸有價值的農(nóng)作物。

注意：在平行結(jié)構(gòu)中，兩個部分并列的呈現(xiàn)方式為A and B, 三個及以上部分并列呈現(xiàn)方式為A, B, C and D（四個為例）。 

2. Arthritis, high blood pressure and circulation problems — the major medical complaints in this age group — are troubling a smaller proportion every year.

3個平行結(jié)構(gòu)部分組成的主語，并不需要知道每個詞的含義，基本能看懂整個句子的意思：這三種疾病問題（關(guān)于關(guān)節(jié)炎、高血壓和血液循環(huán)）——這個年齡段的主要醫(yī)療疾病——每年困擾的比例都在下降。

平行結(jié)構(gòu)幫助我們又快又準的解題：

1. 雅思真題之填空題（no more than three words）

T: Such a standard would comprise agreed practices for different kinds of farming, covering agrochemical use, soil health, land management, water and energy use, food safety and animal health. It could go a long way, he says, to shifting consumers as well as farmers towards a more sustainable system of agriculture.

Q: He feels this would help to change the attitudes of both ..........and ....... .

解析： 利用平行結(jié)構(gòu)技巧可快速判斷出答案，題目使用both… and…連詞，表示 “兩者都。。。” ，只需要找到對應段落中的兩個并列部分即可，通過掃讀發(fā)現(xiàn)both…and… 的同義替換as well as，所以答案為consumers, farmers. 

2. 雅思真題之填空題（no more than two words）

T: A third reason why the writing of original science in English was delayed may have been to do with the linguistic inadequacy of English in the early modern period. English was not well equipped to deal with scientific argument. First, it lacked the necessary technical vocabulary. Second, it lacked the grammatical resources required to represent the world in an objective and impersonal way, and to discuss the relations, such as cause and effect, that might hold between complex and hypothetical entities.

Q: In Britain, moreover. scientists worried that English had neither the ........................ nor the ........................ to express their ideas.

解析： 利用平行結(jié)構(gòu)技巧可快速判斷出答案，題目使用neither… nor…連詞，表示 “兩者都不。。。” ，只需要找到對應段落中的兩個并列部分同時含有否定的含義即可，通過掃讀發(fā)現(xiàn)neither… nor…的同義替換First, it lacked…. Second, it lacked…，所以答案為technical vocabulary, grammatical resources. 

以上就是關(guān)于雅思閱讀平行結(jié)構(gòu)的分享，大家平時在長難句分析或刷題過程中也要多關(guān)注平行結(jié)構(gòu)的技巧哦。