托福閱讀Inference Question推理題解題技巧

關(guān)鍵字托福閱讀托福閱讀推理題托福閱讀技巧托�？荚�

2020-03-06 來源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 作者：閱讀量：人喜歡手機(jī)閱讀

導(dǎo)讀

Inference Question，也叫推理題，是托福閱讀中難度較高的題型。相比于其他大部分題型，比如說事實(shí)信息題"看到即答案"的簡單邏輯，推理題的邏輯對(duì)于考生來說比較“模糊”。

推理“度”的把握

TPO的做題經(jīng)驗(yàn)告訴我們，推理題的答案既要防止“推理過度”，又要小心“推理不足”，這個(gè)"度"拿捏不好，推理題的正確率就不高。

題目分類

我們可以把它的題目分為兩類。一類是“題干定位型”，一類是“選項(xiàng)定位型”。

題干定位題，顧名思義，就是通過題目中的詞可以定位到原文中答案所在的位置從而選出答案；而選項(xiàng)定位型則是指無法通過題目來定位的情況，比如說：題目問What can be inferred about stingless bees ?而原文中整段都在講stingless bees，就沒有辦法去具體定位，這個(gè)時(shí)候就可以利用選項(xiàng)去定位原文。

反向推理

今天我們來介紹一種解題辦法——反向推理。

在學(xué)術(shù)寫作中，當(dāng)我們將事物按照某種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行分類后，分類的內(nèi)容既不重合也不丟失。比如我們把A分成X和Y,X和Y之間沒有重合的部分，同時(shí)X和Y合并構(gòu)成A,也不會(huì)丟失A的某一部分。這樣一來，當(dāng)我們知道X所具有某一個(gè)特性，就能推出Y不具有這樣的特性，這就是反向推理。

TPO例題

A symbiotic relationship is an interaction between two or more species in which one species lives in or on another species. There are three main types of symbiotic relationships: parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism. The first and the third can be key factors in the structure of a biological community; that is, all the populations of organisms living together and potentially interacting in a particular area.

Which of the following statements about commensalism can be inferred from paragraph 1?

A.It excludes interactions between more than two species.

B.It makes it less likely for species within a community, to survive.

C.Its significance to the organization of biological communities is small.

D.Its role in the structure of biological populations is a disruptive one.

題目解析

根據(jù)題干的commensalism, 可以找到定位區(qū)間"There are three main types of symbiotic relationships: parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism. The first and the third can be key factors in the structure of a biological community"。第一句話羅列了三種關(guān)系，第二句話強(qiáng)調(diào)了第一種和第三種是key factor，那么沒有提到的第二種--也就是題干所問的這一種，反推可知commensalism不是key factor。所以答案就是C, its significance is small.C選項(xiàng)只是對(duì)于我們推出的"commensalism不是key factor"進(jìn)行了同意改寫，同學(xué)們要擦亮慧眼哦。